Token based solutions

Diana Gudu, Marcus Hardt, Gabriel Zachmann

Sep 2023

Federated Identities 101

Why would anyone use federated identities?

As a user
- Single Sign-On (SSO)
- No additional service credentials
- => Increase in security
- Less prior registration
  - => Increase in convenience
- Act as a member of a community (VO)
  - => Increase in Usability
As a service
- Offload identity management to home organisation
- Offload authorisation management to federation (VOs)
  - => Reduced cost
  - => Improved user data quality
- Increased security
- Potential of cooperation across services

Use Cases

Use Case: API Access

Why would you want to do it?
- Web apps: Web frontend + REST access to backend
- Cloud services:
  - Create Openstack VM from commandline
  - Access storage
  - Github
  - …
Protect your REST API with OIDC: => flaat
Access a REST API with OIDC: => oidc-agent + curl

Use Case: Grid

X.509 => Tokens
All use cases from grid should work with tokens:
Service migration -> Service developers => flaat
How does the user get tokens => oidc-agent
But: can we just replace X.509 certificates with tokens?
- Tokens cannot be revoked
- Tokens (should) live much shorter
- Long-running jobs need fresh tokens
  - => Look at mytoken

Use Case: Shell Access

I started my Openstack VM, now what?
- I need to access remote services (e.g. using tokens) => access tokens
- I need an access token throughout the lifetime of the VM => mytoken, maybe vault
Similar for HPC
- I need to ssh into my HPC-cluster / VM => ssh-oidc/motley-cue

Fun with OIDC

Getting access tokens

https://github.com/indigo-dc/oidc-agent

Problem 1: OIDC is not designed to give access tokens to users
Problem 2: Access tokens expire rather soon (actually this is a good thing!)
Solution: oidc-agent (think “ssh-agent”)
Tool for OIDC access tokens on the commandline
- WLCG, Unicore, FedCloud, ARC-CE, Japan HPC, Fenix, … (we lost track, …)
- Obtain refresh token
  - Run an OIDC web flow
  - Crypt it
  - Store it
  - Load to RAM when needed (also crypted when in RAM)
Key Features
- Packaged for Major Systems [Debian, Ubuntu, Fedora, Centos, Suse, MacOS, Windows]
- X-Session integration
- Graphical Query
- mytoken integration

# Example:
# Step 1: Obtain a refresh token from your issuer:
    oidc-gen --pub --issuer https://aai.egi.eu/auth/realms/egi --scope "max" test
        <follow the flow in your browser ...>

# Step 2: Get access tokens:
    oidc-token test

# Step 3: Take a look at the token, and the userinfo endpoint:
for T in $(oidc-token test| tr '.' '\n' ); do
    echo $T | base64 -di 2>/dev/null | jq --indent 4 2>/dev/null
done

# Step 3: Or just do it in python
    pip install flaat                  
    flaat-userinfo `oidc-token test`

Result

# Information stored inside the access token:
{   "body": {
        "auth_time": 1664276918,
        "authenticating_authority": "https://idp.scc.kit.edu/idp/shibboleth",
        "azp": "oidc-agent",
        "exp": 1679063615,
        "iat": 1679060015,
        "iss": "https://aai.egi.eu/auth/realms/egi",
        "jti": "8fbd6ec9-f6cc-431a-93dd-fd11aee7efbd",
        "scope": "openid eduperson_unique_id offline_access eduperson_scoped_affiliation eduperson_entitlement profile email",
        "session_state": "18489eb8-6715-4a3a-a56c-42121be20b84",
        "sid": "18489eb8-6715-4a3a-a56c-42121be20b84",
        "sub": "d7a53cbe3e966c53ac64fde7355956560282158ecac8f3d2c770b474862f4756@egi.eu",
        "typ": "Bearer"
    }, "header": {
        "alg": "RS256",
        "kid": "PUYOirA3Y-d_dGpdj4iJDHw4zHa8IY-bhZdaEj0rjbU",
        "typ": "JWT"
    }, "signature": "TK9z3BMnSslde5pobCk4lSfxOEKMCz17xAFPw0WuSYbAWXM93fbN8yF0aAAM9pK4xm0A_t_JulKjgSZ-nU_ototXoQRhkLZIV59Y5ErFXdeR6SPETSEVVJL7NdON9mdycM0siaQKsl0MYhqVyblCRlsBQkjejyZKzgW1opamGQKaYq_uoG8I4BJsbAJ5rvjNuTMtVTzFjpCXQSVeJNkthSz_C1gNZDHAnWAeGP5cW4PvzIbEqCe-cTKWOfd9u9Y-StSunF-jpr8y0I5_7eQxvOFPC6Vf5lNnPFFxlY25qB10XrTZmFiL-W8qpjaQH-NUFo4cprpHYKsxbBk1aIjw_w",
    "verification": {
        "algorithm": "RS256"
} }
# Information retrieved from userinfo endpoint: {
    "eduperson_assurance": [
        "https://refeds.org/assurance/ATP/ePA-1d",
        "https://refeds.org/assurance/ATP/ePA-1m",
        "https://refeds.org/assurance/IAP/low",
        "https://refeds.org/assurance/profile/cappuccino",
        "https://refeds.org/assurance/IAP/local-enterprise",
        "https://refeds.org/assurance/IAP/medium",
        "https://refeds.org/assurance/ID/unique",
        "https://refeds.org/assurance/ID/eppn-unique-no-reassign",
        "https://aai.egi.eu/LoA#Substantial"
    ], "eduperson_entitlement": [
        "urn:mace:egi.eu:group:covid19.eosc-synergy.eu:admins:role=owner#aai.egi.eu",
        "urn:mace:egi.eu:group:eosc-synergy.eu:role=member#aai.egi.eu",
        [...]
        "urn:mace:egi.eu:group:umsa.cerit-sc.cz:admins:role=member#aai.egi.eu",
        "urn:mace:egi.eu:group:umsa.cerit-sc.cz:admins:role=owner#aai.egi.eu"
    ], "eduperson_scoped_affiliation": [
        "employee@kit.edu",
        "member@kit.edu"
    ], "eduperson_unique_id": [ "d7a53cbe3e966c53ac64fde7355956560282158ecac8f3d2c770b474862f4756@egi.eu" ],
    "email": "hardt@kit.edu",
    "email_verified": true,
    "family_name": "Hardt",
    "given_name": "Marcus",
    "iss": "https://aai.egi.eu/auth/realms/egi",
    "name": "Marcus Hardt",
    "preferred_username": "mhardt",
    "sub": "d7a53cbe3e966c53ac64fde7355956560282158ecac8f3d2c770b474862f4756@egi.eu",
    "voperson_verified_email": [ "hardt@kit.edu" ]
}

More fun

`flaat`

https://flaat.readthedocs.io

Authorisation for REST APIs
Flexible python framework
- Supports flask, AIO, FastAPI

# Example Code (skipping boilerplate)
@routes.get("/authorized_vo")
@flaat.requires(
    get_vo_requirement(
        [
            "urn:geant:h-df.de:group:m-team:feudal-developers",
            "urn:geant:h-df.de:group:MyExampleColab#unity.helmholtz.de",
        ],
        "eduperson_entitlement", match=1,
    )
)
async def authorized_vo(request):
    return web.Response(text="This worked: user has the required entitlement")

# Example call and response
$ http http://localhost:8080/authorized_vo  "Authorization: Bearer `oidc-token login`"
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Length: 46
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8
Date: Fri, 17 Mar 2023 13:54:51 GMT
Server: Python/3.11 aiohttp/3.8.3

This worked: user has the required entitlement

What else?

mytoken [1/2]

https://mytoken.data.kit.edu

What if you have a long-running job
- … that also spends some time in a queue
mytoken (think “myProxy” done right)
Solves this!
mytoken-server:
- gets the refresh token (typical web-flow)
- encrypts + stores refresh token with mytoken
- returns the mytoken-token to user
user (client):
- use the mytoken with mytoken-server to get access token

mytoken [2/2]

Why is it better than sending refresh-tokens with the job?
Features to carefully balance security requirements with use case:
Capabilities
- WHAT can the mytoken do (get ATs, create new MTs, history, introspection, settings, …)
Restrictions
- LIMITATIONS on the token are based on
  - time, IP address space, geolocation, number of usages, scopes, audiences
More info: https://mytoken-docs.data.kit.edu
Example: https://mytoken.data.kit.edu
Using mytoken client from the cmdline

$ mytoken AT --MT $MYTOKEN
eyJ[............]

Combining these solutions….

…for SSH with federated identities

SSH

Kind of holy grail, because:

Use federated identity
- SSH-Server has no direct relation with Organisation where user comes from
To log into a Unix account
- How to find the correct unix account?
Authorised by
- Virtual Organisation membership (entitlement)
- Assurance
- Individual user (sub + iss)
How to revoke access?
- User gone
- Security incident

Approaches

`flaat` + `pam-module`

PAM Module pam-ssh-oidc developed by PSNC (in Pracelab.PL)
pam-ssh-oidc enables two things:
1. Prompt for “Access Token”
2. Put access-token into ssh password field
pam-module uses flaat for authorisation
Prerequisite: the remote user has to exist

# Example
$ oidc-token google # or mytoken AT --MT $MYTOKEN
$ ssh testme@ssh-oidc-demo.data.kit.edu

(testme@ssh-oidc-demo.data.kit.edu) Access Token:
(testme@ssh-oidc-demo.data.kit.edu) Password: 
(testme@ssh-oidc-demo.data.kit.edu) Access Token:

testme@ssh-oidc-demo:~$

`flaat` + `pam-module` + `motley_cue`

https://motley-cue.readthedocs.io

motley-cue: Server-side daemon developed in HIFIS (Germany)
motley-cue fixes 4 things:
1. Dynamically provision a user (plugin-based, optional)
  - Pooled-account, “Friendly” username, External username lookup
  - Authorisation based on
    - entitlement (i.e. VO)
    - assurance
    - sub@iss (user whitelist)
2. If access token is longer than 1kb
  - motley_cue creates a one-time-password (OTP)
3. Obtain the username from server for you
4. Admin interface for security incidents
  - suspend / resume user
- But opens a REST interface on the server

# Example
mccli ssh ssh-oidc-demo.data.kit.edu --oidc google

testme@ssh-oidc-demo:~$

SSH notes

No ssh-daemons (or clients) were hurt in this project:
- Unmodified SSH Client and Server
- Backward compatible with: password, ssh-keys, 2nd factor modules, …
mccli
- wrapper around unmodified client:
- oidc access token handling (via oidc-agent)
- Currently supports:
  - ssh, scp
  - more to come
Demo1: https://ssh-oidc-demo.data.kit.edu
Demo2: https://ssh-oidc-web.vm.fedcloud.eu
Windows Client available: http://repo.data.kit.edu/windows/oidc-agent/
- Use plugin of putty
- Plugin supported by oidc-agent for windows available here
Supported platforms
- Windows: Putty
- Mac/Linux: OpenSSH
Packages: https://repo.data.kit.edu
Video: https://youtu.be/090D4s0TNaA

NEW: `oinit` + `motley-cue`

Make use of ssh-certificates
Concept borrows from kerberos’s “kinit”
New tool: oinit:
- Use oidc-agent to authenticate to an ssh-online-ca
- Get ssh certificate (valid for a few hours)
- Provision user dynamically (if required)
- Adjust configuration of ~/.ssh/config to work well
From there on
- Use native ssh like ever before:
- Passwordless (unless a 2nd factor is in the way)
- Enable advanced usage: git, rsync, …

More SSH Approaches

Multiple different approaches exist
Smart Shell
- AWI, SURF
SSH Certificates
- DEIC
PAM Module
- STFC, KIT

Important
We are working together
to make things compatible

That’s all

In case I talked fast enough

`Orpheus`

https://orpheus.data.kit.edu

Gain deep insights
- into everything

https://orpheus.data.kit.edu

Motely-cue Architecture

KIT SSH-OIDC: Installation

Package installation:
- Server: apt-get install motley-cue pam-ssh-oidc
- Client: pip install mccli
Configuration:
- PAM Module: /etc/pam.d/sshd
- [Authorisation / Supported OPs: /etc/motley-cue/motley-cue.conf]
- [Provisioning: /etc/motley-cue/feudal.conf]

Token based solutions

Federated Identities 101

Why would anyone use federated identities?

Use Cases

Use Case: API Access

Use Case: Grid

Use Case: Shell Access

Fun with OIDC

Getting access tokens

Result

More fun

flaat

What else?

mytoken [1/2]

mytoken [2/2]

Combining these solutions….

…for SSH with federated identities

SSH

Approaches

flaat + pam-module

flaat + pam-module + motley_cue

SSH notes

NEW: oinit + motley-cue

More SSH Approaches

That’s all

In case I talked fast enough

Orpheus

https://orpheus.data.kit.edu

Motely-cue Architecture

KIT SSH-OIDC: Installation

`flaat`

`flaat` + `pam-module`

`flaat` + `pam-module` + `motley_cue`

NEW: `oinit` + `motley-cue`

`Orpheus`